Speaker 0 (0s): Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to Anatole, a flamencos history fiction or science. We are in depth on chapter two, astronomical datings. This is the eighth reading. Let us do a quick recap. And we'll dive right back in. Where we left off at was the astronomical datings. We went through the strange LEEP of parameter D in a theory of lunar motion.

We went through the ancient and middle evil eclipses, and if they are dated correctly, the discovery of an interesting effect and prejudiced, astronomical dating shift, the dates of the ancient eclipses to the middle ages. Let me read up to where we left off, and then we'll begin with the new stuff. Thus, continuing the research that began the author of the book conducted an analysis of other medieval eclipses in the interval between 400 and 1608th D it turned out that the transfer effect affecting the ancient eclipses as described, also applies to those usually dated to 400 through 900 a D.

This either means that there are many possible astronomical solutions which make the dating uncertain, or there are just one or two, in which case they all fall in the interval between 900 and 1,718 D only starting with approximately 1080 and not 400 a D according to Morozov in 5 44. Does these scallop Gerry in dating begin to concur with the results of more resolves methods, satisfactorily enough, becoming more or less certain by as late a date as 1300 ad D, let us give a few extremely representative examples, demonstrating how the ancient Eclipse's and the Chronicles that describe them become a great deal.

Younger. The eclipses described by the ancient facilities, Skalla Geri in history tries to convince us that through cities was born in approximately four 60 BC or 4 56, 4 51, somewhere around there and died around 3 96 BC. He was a wealthy aristocrat and politician from Athens during the Peloponnesian war was in command of the Athenian fleet, albeit unsuccessfully.

He was subsequently banished from Athens for 20 years. He wrote his famous track tape during his sojourn in three SIA through cities had received amnesty near the end of the war. He returned to Athens and died shortly afterwards. Historical tradition trusts through cities in his descriptions of military events, considering him and I witnessed, and a participant through cities himself writes the following.

I was writing down the events witnessed by myself as well as what I had heard from others. After a meticulous study of each fact, S circumstances allow a, I have survived the entire war, understood it and studied it attentively through cities is the only source that we have in what concerns, the history of the Peloponnesian war historians write that after a two cities, nobody turned to the history of the Peloponnesian war ever again, many have however thought it would prove flattering for them to be seen as his followers and started their own works, where the tractate of two cities ended.

It is suppose that the work of two cities either hadn't had any title at all originally, or had been called communal account in Greek, having received the name history of the Peloponnesian war in later translations the entire historical account of the 27 year old war between the Ionians and the Dorians could Doriam mean horde when read in reverse. Just something to think about that the entire historical account of the 27 year war between the Ionians and the Dorians is given by the acidities clearly and consequentially though it remains incomplete.

The entire work of lucidity is whose volume comprises about 800 pages when printed his written in a brilliant style. Numerous commentators have pointed out the following hallmarks of his book a long time ago through cities demonstrates great irritation and a writing experience. The phrase constructions are complex and contain non-trivial grammatical structures. Once he's a clear development of an elegant, realistic concept and the account of historical facts, the author is skeptical about everything supernatural in people's lives.

We are being convinced that this work was written in the fifth century. When writing materials had still been scary and expensive. The Mesopotamians used a stylist to scribble on clay. The Greeks aren't familiar with paper yet, and right on pieces of tree bark, or you sticks for writing on wax cupboard plaques. The oldest written copy of the history of two cities is supposed to be the codex Lauryn tenacious parchment dated two, allegedly the 10th century, all other old manuscripts belong to the alleged 11th through 12th centuries.

Some Piras fragments of the second book of the cities were found in Egypt in the 14th century, a papaya risk commentaries also in existence published as late as 1908. However, the condition of these fragments is very poor. Indeed, let us note straight away that the datings of all the oldest manuscripts listed are based on paleo graphical hypotheses exclusively, and therefore don't seem very trustworthy.

Any alteration of the chronology changes all of these paleo graphic old datings automatically. There are no calendar dates mentioned in the history of the city's and no planetary horoscopes. However, it contains the description of three eclipses, two of them, solar, and one lunar. We shall be calling this combination as a triad. Apart from that, the first book contains mentions of solar eclipses.

However, those are rather general and vague and cannot serve for any astronomical dating the descriptions of the triad. However, a quite sufficient for an unambiguous solution. We shall consider it below. The second volume of history contains a rather detailed description of the eclipse. The Russian original refers to the well-known professional Russian translation of the city's done by F G Ms. Chanco in the 14th century, the acidities writes that the summer windy Athenians have chased the, a jeans with their wives and children from a GM to acidities is referring to the first year of the war.

The very same summer when the moon was new. Apparently that is the only time when such things can happen. The sun became dark and after mid-day and became a full again, attaining the shape of a Crescent and several stars appeared. The Greek texts can be seen in figure 2.3, let us pay attention to the fact that the author appears to understand the mechanism of the eclipse. Well mentioning the new moon to be a necessary condition, which is a reference to a long time practice of eclipse observation in the epic of two cities.

The second eclipse in the triad, also solar happens' in the eighth year of the Peloponnesian war in the beginning of summer to acidities REITs in the fourth volume that quote the winter has ended. And with it, the seventh year of this war whose history has been described by the acidities in the beginning of the next summer, with the advent of the new moon, a partial solar eclipse took place on quote, the Greek text can be seen in figure 2.4.

Apparently this summer month mentioned as the month when they asked a whole campaign was March the month of Mars. When military campaigns were usually started, it shall be interesting to verify this statement. After the finite solution of the problem is attained. The third lunar eclipse is described in the seventh volume quote. The winter was coming to an end together with the 18th year of the war whose history has been described, but at the cities, as soon as the next spring began, the lack of Damien's and their allies invaded Attica in the earliest season, unquote, the events of the summer are related in detail.

Further on the analysis of the maneuvers described shows that the next sections most probably refer to the end of summer. This is where through acidities writes that when everything was ready and the Athenians were preparing to sail away, a lunar eclipse occurred, it had been full moon. Then let us sum up the following information can be obtained from the text by through cities, with absolute certainty, all three eclipses were observed from the square fitting into the following geographical coordinates longitude between 15 and 30 degrees latitude between 30 and 42 degrees.

The first eclipse is solar. The second eclipse is solar. The 30 clips is lunar. The time interval between the first week clips equals seven years. The interval between the second eclipse and the third equals 11 years. The first eclipse occurs in the summer. The first solar eclipse is a total eclipse. Since one can see the stars that is it's phase value equals 12. Remember one can not see any stars during a partial eclipse.

The first solar eclipse occurs after mid day local time. The second solar eclipse occurs in the beginning of summer, the lunar eclipse takes place around the end of summer. The second solar eclipse occurred within the temporal vicinity of March. As a matter of fact, the consideration doesn't have to be included in this list. The problem can be formulated as follows finding the astronomical solution that would satisfy the requirements. One through 11 historians and chronologist have naturally paid attention to such a precise description of three eclipses in an ancient work and tried to date them accordingly.

Apparently the chronologists immediately ran into serious difficulties that haven't been overcome since we shall proceed to give a more detailed account of the problem of dating the triad of two cities. Following the well-known astronomical work of gins out in the 16th century, the chronologic or Dionysus potato alias there's our old friend found the date that fitted the first eclipse 3rd of August 4 31, BC Johannes Kepler later confirmed the fact that there was indeed an eclipse that day in the beginning of the Peloponnesian war was dated to the very same year 4 31, BC potato alias found the dating of the second eclipse as well, which was the 21st of March 4 24, beware the ides of March.

I just thought that was funny, which was 21, March 4, 24, Jay Kepler also confirmed the fact that a solar eclipse took place that day. The date that D potato, which is found for the 30 clips was the 27th of August four 13 BC. This is how astronomy appears to have dated the events described by through cities to the fifth century. However, however, a second secondary analysis of the astronomical solution offered by Batavia's unearth serious complications that were repeatedly discussed in astronomical and chronological literature in the 18th through 20th century.

These rather heated debates have reoccurred and abated several times. However, modern historians prefer to remain taciturn in everything that concerns this long and difficult discussion, pretending that the problem does not exist and is never existed. You know, it's, isn't that what S academics tend to do all the time. I'm sorry for the quick ran here, but if you'll permit me in a minute, it just blows my mind.

How me, you leaders, people in positions of authority. We have this tendency to think that by ignoring something, we're not making a decision, but the fact that you ignore it is making a decision just because something is difficult to talk about, or we don't know the answer doesn't mean we shouldn't talk about it. I get it. I get it. There's tons of careers, academics, politicians, there's all of these people that have made their, their life, their bones, their discoveries on the back of previous discoveries that are probably bullshit.

So if you rug pole, the initial bullshit, all these people's careers fall, all of these institutions fall, all these ideas that are built on a shaky foundation, no longer have the ability to hold water. Thank you. Back to the book, the main dating problems that the chronologies ran into concerned. The first eclipse, the fact of the matter is that the eclipse of the 3rd of August in for 31 BC proved and annular won.

And so it couldn't have been total anywhere on earth. This was realized after the inclusion of the Scala, Jerian astronomical dating the main dating problems that the chronologist ran into concern that first eclipse, the fact of the matter is that the eclipse of August 3rd in for 31 BC proved and annular won. And so it couldn't have been total anywhere on earth. This was realized after the inclusion of the scholar, Gerry in astronomical dating of the beginning of the Peloponnesian war into scavengers chronological tables.

This eclipse is claimed to have been annular by Ginza L's Canon as well. The fact that the eclipse in question was an annular one can also be proved by the existing computer software for eclipse calculations. We have verified it using a simple program called turbo sky that was developed by the Muscovite astronomer, a vole Lincoln in 1995, which is easy to use and convenient for a proximate calculations.

The eclipse of August 3rd that occurred in 4 31 was in fact in annular eclipse. However, through cities tells us explicitly that stars were visible during the eclipse, as we have already stated, one cannot observe the stars during a partial eclipse. Furthermore, it turned out that the phase value of the potato eclipse was rather small in Athens, which means Kepler had also made a mistake in his optics telling that the phase value of this eclipse had equal 12 or in other words, that the eclipse had been total such a statement on the part of Kepler is most probably explained by the imperfection of the eclipse calculation methods of his age.

The calculation of the phase of an eclipse is a delicate matter. However, we should not exclude the possibility that Kepler who was involved in many chronological matters had been perfectly aware of the fact that one can only see the stars during a total eclipse in slyly transform the annular eclipse, a 4 31 BEC into a full eclipse in order to make it satisfy the description given by through cities and protect the nascent Skalla, Geri, and chronology from such an unpleasant dissonance Kepler had been in constant contact with Gallagher.

Imagine that who had been his correspondent due to the above, mentioned circumstances, astronomers, and chronologists start a new calculations of the phase of the eclipse that took place in 4 31, all sorts of empirical corrections were made in the equations of lunar movement in order to make the phase value of the eclipse as observed from Athens and neighboring areas, approach 12. Okay, scratch that.

Speaker 1 (18m 17s): Ah, shit. It's a spill. My goddamn coffee everywhere. Jesus crisp. Okay.

Speaker 0 (18m 28s): Due to the above mentioned circumstances astronomer's and chronologist start a new calculations of the phase of the eclipse that took place in 4 31, all sorts of empirical corrections were made in the equations of lunar movement in order to make the phase value of the eclipse as observed from Athens and neighboring areas, approach 12 among the most prominent astronomers of the time that have dealt with the two Sydney's triad problem.

We find such names as Zach Heiss streak Kepler recoli Hoffman, Ginza Johnson, Lynne Stockwell, and see for a according to a Batavia's the face value of the eclipse equals 10 in a quarter, the phase value equal to 11, according to struck 10 38, according to Zak, 10 72, according to Hoffmann and only seven, nine, according to heist, Ginzo devoted the most attention to the problem of the stars of the acidities.

He came up with a phase value of 10. It became perfectly clear that apart from having been anular, the eclipse could only have been observed from Athens as partial and with a rather small phase value with that, the lunar shadow track on the surface of the earth during the eclipse of August 3rd is shown in figure 2.6 as a dotted line, which signifies the fact that the eclipse was an annular one. No umbral shadow could be observed anywhere.

The fact that the phase value of the Athenian eclipse, a 4 31 only equals 10. That means that one sixth of the solar disc was open. This is all but bright daytime. And one naturally cannot see any stars or planets. Furthermore, as it is made obvious and figured 2.6, that eclipse had only passed Crimea around 1722 local time, 1754, according to heist, thus, it can hardly be called an afternoon.

Eclipse as lucidity is explicitly states, it should rather be called an evening eclipse. We have computed the respective positions of the moon and the sun at the moment when the phase value had been maximal for the observation point, the city of Athens and the area around it. One can see the screenshot in figure two points, seven. It is obvious, but a large part of the solar disk is open and neither stars nor planets can possibly be seen.

Thus, the eclipse of August 3rd, couldn't have been the one described by through cities since conditions eight and nine are not satisfied as shown above. Let me reread eight and nine for you. So I know what they are and you know what they are. Number eight. The first solar eclipse is a total eclipse. Since one can see the stars that is its phase value equals 12. Remember one cannot see any stars during a partial eclipse. Number nine, the first solar eclipse occurs after mid day, local time.

I don't know. It could possibly satisfy nine, right? I mean, after midday is a pretty general term in technically evening comes after mid day, but I'll leave that up to you guys to look at all. Once you check out the, a figure, a 2.6 and 2.7, maybe you will be able to decide for yourself what you think. Additionally, it might be a good idea for you guys to write down the program called turbo sky, to see if you can play with that and check it out and see for yourself. If you can find some interesting things, or if you could, if you're an amateur astronomer like myself and you think maybe history is full of shit, then maybe you could play around with this particular program and, and see what it is.

You can come up with again, that's turbo sky by volley V O L Y N K I N in 95, they came up. So there's that this discovery was naturally a most unplanned one for that right, chronologies and historians. The astronomer Gunzel went so far as to claim that the low phase value would equal 10 for Athens. According to the latest calculations, caused a shock and significant doubt about the fact that stars could be seen as the acidities claims.

Since the stars clearly could not have been visible during the eclipse, a 4 31 Heiss and Lynn decided to calculate the disposition of bright planet's and hope that they might save the situation. However, it turned out that Mars was only three degrees above the horizon. Venus was high enough, about 30 degrees above the horizon. Guenzel makes the cautious remarks in regards to Venus and Mars that these two planets may, may have been visible. However, this probability is low in what was practically broad daylight.

All other hopes have been for Jupiter and Saturn, but it turned out that Jupiter was below the horizon during the eclipse and therefore invisible. And as for Saturn, although it was above the horizon, its location was in Libra a long way off to the south. And according to Gainesville, its visibility was very dubious. We have used the turbo sky software, write it down in order to compute the planet locations for the time of the eclipse that occurred on August 3rd. What one sees here is a view of the sky from Athens for the maximum phase of the eclipse at 1457 GMT, it is clear that Venus Mars and the much dimmer mercury are close to the sun and thus rendered invisible by the raise of the partially obscured radiant.

Their visibility in broad daylight is extremely improbable. The gravity of the situation that the proponents of scholar Geri and chronology had been well aware of made Johnson suggest a different eclipse. One that occurred on the 30th of March and 4 33. However, it isn't included any in any triad. The nearest triads are 4 47, 4 41 and four 30 BC, additionally 4 12, 405 and three 90 for BC. If they don't fit for different reasons, the phase value of the eclipse suggested by Johnson also turned out to have equal to a mere seven eight, which is even less than the eclipse mistakenly suggested by Pettius Stockwell.

Then tried to revise the calculations in order to make the phase maximum. However, the very peak of his ingenuity only allowed him the result of 11 six. However, Gimble's reaction to Stockwell's calculations were quite skeptical. Seyfarth put forward a hypothesis that S two cities may have been referring to the eclipse of January 27th, four 30 BC. However, despite the fact that the eclipse is far from fitting the description given by through cities, for instance, it cannot be included into any triad at all.

A thorough check showed that the eclipse could not have been a viable near Athens. The shock that Ginzo mentioned eventually became replaced by a confusion of sorts, which has brought about altogether different considerations that led farther and farther away from astronomy among those pure demagoguery. Zach, for instance, tried to eliminate the problem by his references to the clear skies of Athens and the sharp eyes at the ancients.

Apparently our contemporaries would fail to see any stars at all, but the agents were in altogether a different race. Their vision was a lot cleaner and they ran faster too. Hoffman would even further in his suggestion to consider the stars, you know, on the topic of our ancestors being different. There was a phenomenal book by Julian Jaynes. I'm not sure if you guys are familiar with it, but if you're not familiar with it, it's called the breakdown of the bicameral mind in this book, Julian Jaynes makes the

Speaker 2 (26m 53s): Claim

Speaker 0 (26m 54s): That the Broca's area in verticals are the areas for speech that are currently on the left hemisphere of the brain were at that time on the right hemisphere of the brain. And that when people in the epic poems written by a Homer or the epic battles that we read about in the Iliad or the Odyssey or storeys and epic poems of that time, they speak of encountering Athena. They speak of encountering a Paul that they speak of Zeus. And when they speak of that, it's not that they're seeing a representation of those gods.

It's that in their head, they hear a voice. You see, he makes the claim that because the speech centers were on the right hemisphere, people actually heard a voice in their head. Some of you may hear voices in your head. I know I do. He said that at that time, our mind was evolved differently before the left hemisphere had fully taken over those particular parts of thinking or before the speech centers migrated to the left-hand side, it's a fascinating read.

And you should definitely check it out. Thank you for letting me tell you about that because it's one of my favorite books. Hoffman

Speaker 3 (28m 6s): Went even further in a suggestion to consider the stars of the acidities a mere rhetorical embellishment. This translates as quote. We trust him in every other respect, but refuse to do so in this particular instance on quote, Hoffman tries to find a linguistic proof for his theory, implying that through cities reports the appearance of stars, when the sun had already assumed the shape of a Crescent, we have asked a fellow just Evie, Alice Veja, the department of physiology, the department of a fire.

Lall a GE excuse me, everybody MSU in 19 76, 2, perform a file, a logical analysis of the text that can be seen in figures. 2.3, the linguistic verdict was that the following four events are described by through cities. Number one, the occultation of the sun. Number two, the Crescent shape assumed by the sun. Number three, the appearance of stars.

Number four, the restoration of the entirety of the solar disc. Thus the entire eclipse process is described the darkening of the disc at the beginning, its transformation into a Crescent and the subsequent visibility of the stars. Nope. This only happens at the maximum of phase of the total eclipse and the return of the disc to its original form. The consequence of events one through four is quite natural and is unequivocally defined by the grammatical structure of the phrase.

Actually, that was exactly the way that the professional translator quoted above F G Ms. GENCO translated this fragment from the ancient Greek in the 19th century. The analysis performed by Evie, Alex Veja confirmed the correctness of the classical translation. Yet again, it wouldn't have been questioned in the first place, if it hadn't been for the problem with astronomical dating that arose in this respect, therefore Hoffman's opinion.

That was also shared by the modern astronomer. Robert Newton is really based on the wish to save Skalla, Geri and chronology at any cost and not the actual translation. We see that the attempt to substitute astronomy for linguistics does not solve the problem. Despite all this, the erroneous date offered by a potato in this was not altered. And any modern history textbook indicates the date that the Peloponnesian war began at 4 31 BC, albeit for no other reasons than potasium.

In his opinion, his chronology has been legitimized despite its blatant deviation from the clear and unambiguous description of . The description contained in the original text is detailed and fundamental, which makes all attempts of rectifying. The case by playing with the texts look ridiculous. Apart from Hoffman's solution, it was proposed to alter the durations of the intervals between the neighboring eclipses.

However, even the authors of this proposal refused to elaborate on it. It is hard to doubt that facilities was referring to a fully clips when describing the first one of the triadic in case of a second eclipse, which was a partial. He explicitly states that a partial eclipse of the sun occurred when the moon was new. The word partial is used here. Apparently the author understood the difference between a totally clips and a partial eclipse quite well.

That is why he emphasized the visibility of the stars in the first case, which is a hallmark of a total eclipse. Let us give a summary. The astronomers failed to find any other fittings, astronomical solutions in the interval between 600 and 200. They see, however, no one had thought of broadening the search interval so that the middle ages that would be included, it is well understood. They have all been raised on Scala, Jeri and chronology and trusted it by and large as a result, the erroneous triadic Batavia's was kept despite the fact that this solution contradicts the text of lucidity, the use of the independent dating methods in the culture interval between 900 BC and 1700 age D shows that a precise astronomical solution does exist.

Furthermore, the only two solutions that fit exactly the first one was discovered by inane. Morozov the second by 80 flamenco during a new analysis of the quote, ancient unquote and medieval eclipses the first solution in a more Azov 1133 D August 2nd, total solar 11 40, 80 March 20th, total solar 1151, AED, August 28th, lunar the second solution by 80 flamenco, 10 30, 9, 80 August 22nd, total solar, 10 46, a D April 9th, a partial solar, 10 57, 80 September 15, lunar, even condition 12, all stipulating.

The time around March for the second eclipse is met here. More importantly, the first eclipse is total the way through Sydney's describes it. Thus, once we managed to venture outside Procrustean paradigm of Scala, Gerry in chronology, we found the answer to a question that has been a great interest to astronomers that of the astronomical descriptions contain in the book of through cities. Let me just take a moment to point out the incredibly humerus reference to a pro crustiness.

You guys remember, remember that gentlemen, that I believe he welcomed in travelers, but he had like one size bed. And if you didn't fit the size bed as a traveler, he would hook you up to a machine and stretch you out, or he'd cut off your legs. Hence the reference to the Procrustean paradigm of Skella Jerian chronology. You got to give that up. These guys, man, these Russians, these, I gotta give it up to the Eastern European block. People they're tougher, they're smarter.

They may not be as good looking, you know, but what are you going to do? What are you going to do that? Okay, that's all I got. Let me get back to the, and all in all seriousness here,

Speaker 2 (35m 14s): Taking all the facts

Speaker 3 (35m 15s): That we already know into consideration, we should conclude that the solution closest to historical reality is apparently the one suggested by Maura's off the more recent triad of eclipses falling on the middle of the 12th century, namely August 2nd, March 20th and August 28th, the 11th century solution is most probably too early. Maura's OBS 11 33, 11 40 11 51 solution is illustrated in a figure 2.91 can see the lunar shadow tracks on the surface of the earth for total solar eclipses of 11 30, 3 and 1140, as well as the Zenith visibility point for the lunar eclipses of 1151, a D we have verified the two solutions listed above with the turbo sky software.

Let us quote the exact data characterizing the total eclipses of August 22nd, 10 39 and August 2nd, 1133. They are listed as full in thee op Polzer O P P O L Z E R a a poser eclipse Canon volume five pages, 77 through 1 41. The turbo sky application identifies them as totally eclipses as well. We shall give the geographical coordinates of the beginning, middle and end of the lunar a shadow trajectory on the surface of the earth for the total eclipse of the 2nd of August, 1133.

So again, these numbers are going to be the geographical coordinates of the beginning, middle and end of the lunar shadow trajectory for August 2nd, 1133. So if any of you are so inclined to find a turbo sky application, you'll want to plug in these coordinates. The first line gives you the longitude and the second the latitude. So for the first is negative 89.

The second is plus eight and the third is plus 72, the second line first number plus 52 plus 53 plus nine. The umbral lunar shadow had been at the central point of the trajectory from about 1115 to 1117. According to the turbo scan application for the eclipse dating from August 22nd, 10 39 of the second triad, that would be the 11th century one.

The Umbra a shadow of the moon was at the central point of the trajectory at about 1115 GMT. The coordinates are seven degrees of Eastern longitude in 45 degrees of Northern latitudes in a more Azov made the following justify at a remark regarding a fully clips of August 2nd, 1133 in the 12th century triad quote, the sun appeared to rise in total, our cultivation on the Southern coast of the Hudson bay.

It had been much maternal in England as well, came to Holland at noon to Germany, Austria, the vicinity of the Bosporus Mesopotamia and the Gulf of Arabia and set in complete darkness in the Indian ocean. The eclipse was full and its phase maximal, everything went dark and one could naturally see the stars in the sky. Thus, the 12th century triad discovered by can be seen as follows the first totally clips of the sun occurred on August 2nd, 1133 Eydie and happened in the following manner.

Make it a 89 plus eight plus 72 second line plus 52 plus 53 plus nine. The central point of the lunar shadow trajectory on the surface of the earth was passed between about 11, 15 and 1117 GM to see figures 2.9. The second full eclipse happened on March 20th, 1140 as follows coordinates negative 96, negative 30 plus 48 a second line plus 20 plus 42 plus 55.

The central point of the lunar shadow trajectory on the surface of the earth paused at approximately 1340 GMT the partial lunar eclipse of August 28th, 1150 180 had the maximal phase value of four at 2325, the Zenith visibility of the moon concurred with the point whose geographical coordinates were eight degrees of Eastern longitude and seven degrees of Southern latitude.

This 12th century triad is ideal in all respects. The second eclipse really occurred in March as one should have expected from the text of through acidities the 11th century triad discovered by 80 flamenco. The first solar eclipse of August 22nd, 10 39 appeared in the following way, coordinates negative 82 plus seven plus 64 second line plus 55 plus 45 plus two, the central point of the lunar shadow trajectory on the surface of earth was paused at about 1115 GMT, the second solar eclipse of April 9th, 10 46 80 a Curtis follows coordinates plus 22 plus Sadie seven plus one 72nd line plus 19 plus 47 plus 50.

The central point of the lunar shadow trajectory on the earth surface was paused about 5 46 GMT the partial literary clips of September 15th, 10 57 had the maximum phase value of five at 1809 GMT the Zenith visibility of the moon. I heard with the point who's geographical ordinance, we're 86 degrees of Eastern longitude. A one degree of Southern latitude. The through Siddeleys eclipse triad is a very substantial argument proving that the history of the Peloponnesian war by through cities could not have been written earlier than the 11th century.

It is most improbable that the triad is a fantasy of the author. Since it, since in that case, a fitting astronomical solution would most probably have been non-existent. It is also hard to consider the eclipses and apocryphal part of the quote, ancient unquote text since they fit the consecutive and detailed narration incredibly well in a Morozov appears to have been correct in noting that quote, the book of facilities isn't ancient or medieval.

It dates from a 13th century of our era,

Speaker 2 (42m 37s): At least at least the Renaissance epoch

Speaker 3 (42m 42s): 2.4, the eclipses described by the ancient Titus Libby. Let us give a few more examples, omitting the details this time. We shall just report that the eclipse from the history by Titus leaving that the modern chronology as a scribe to one 90 BC or 180 9, 8 BC also fails to satisfy the description of Titus leaving the situation with the eclipses of through cities is repeated yet.

Again, it turns out that that independent, astronomical dating yields, just one precise solution in the interval between 900 BC and 1600 day. And that would be 9 67 80. For those of you who are wondering the situation with the lunar eclipse that Titus Leiby describes in his history is exactly the same Skalla Gerri, a chronology, or suggest that levy is referring to the eclipse of 1 68 BC.

How ever analysis shows that the characteristics of this eclipse do not fit the description given by Leavey. And everybody knows if it does not fit, you must acquit, right? Thank you, Johnny Cochran, the clips that he describes could really have happened on one of the following dates, either in four 15, a D at night, between the fourth and 5th of September in 1955, a D at night, between the fourth and 5th of September or in 10 28 D at night, between the fourth and the 5th of September, this pattern of false data goes on and on A-list of such examples includes all the ancient eclipses that have detailed descriptions.

We shall present the whole picture of this effect of moving ancient eclipse dates forward in time. Hello, transferring the dates of the ancient Eclipse's forward in time. And to the middle ages eliminates the enigma Matic behavior of the parameter D

Speaker 2 (45m 1s): The author

Speaker 3 (45m 3s): Of the current book proceeded to recalculate the parameter D values using the new dates for ancient eclipses that were produced as a result of the method described above the discovered effect of moving ancient eclipses forward in time led to the identification of many quote ancient unquote eclipses with the medieval ones. This in turn allowed us to expand and alter the list of such medieval eclipses new data were obtained from the descriptions considered ancient earlier on and added to the medieval eclipse descriptions.

Nevertheless, research has shown that previous values have D basically didn't change over the interval of 500 to 1990 a D a new curve for D can be seen in figures 2.10. The new curve is qualitatively different from the previous one in the interval between 1000 and 1,980 parameter D reflects in an even curve on the graph.

One that is practically horizontal and fluctuates around a single constant value. It turns out there have never been any drastic Leeps and the parameter whose value has always equaled the current, therefore one doesn't have to invent any mysterious non gravitational theory. The fluctuation rate of D values, which is rather low in the interval of 1000 and 1,980 gross significantly.

When we move from 1080 to the left towards 500 a D this means that either the scariest astronomical descriptions, that chronologist ascribed to this period are very nebulous or more likely. These Chronicles are also Ms. Dated and the events they describe our in need of re dating. However, due to the utter vagueness of the remaining astronomical descriptions, they cannot be used for dating purposes since they offer too many solutions.

The redating of the events that precede the 11th century shall have to be done by other means and methods, some of which shall be related, okay. Further on to the left from 500 a D we see the zone of no observation data. We know nothing at all about this epoch. The resulting picture reflects the natural temporal distribution of the observation data.

The initial precision of the medieval observations of the ninth through 11th centuries was naturally rather low, and then grew together with the precision and perfection of the observation techniques, which resulted in a gradual decrease in the fluctuation of D values.

Speaker 4 (48m 19s): I think that's a good spot to, in this particular session in summary, we have covered the three eclipses of through facilities. We have gone over their longitude and their latitude, and we have also gone into moving the eclipses of the ancient into the future, thus solving some problems of parameter de. And when moving those particular eclipses into the future, we can see that there is no problem with parameter D I think for me, at least this is one of the most fundamental shifts that really make you understand the problem with history for me.

And I hope you guys feel the same way. It's fascinating to understand what history really is when you think about the word history and the etymology of it, it's like, or at least the way the word is in fact, laid out his story. It's ridiculous to get into a, a argument with someone over history, because that person is explaining their story, their history, and, you know, your story or your history, it's wise to know other people's history.

It's wise to know that all histories are in fact, the stories of people who have saw episodes on fulled in a certain way, not necessarily wrong, not necessarily right, but it's a different version. And if you can know that the more stories of people, you know, the better balanced you're going to be in, I'm really thankful for everybody spend in a few moments with me and, and going through this episode with me, and it's really fun for me.

I hope you find it engaging and interesting, and we're going to keep knocking them out. This particular episode was a bit tricky. It's a little bit dense with numbers, and I recorded it like three times, and I kept having problems with sound. So I, for the delay, we're going to keep knocking this thing out, although everybody thanks for sticking with me.